Are all ecosystem functions equal or are some more equal than others? Results from the restoration of a montane blanket bog in Ireland

Blanket bogs are globally important peatland ecosystems in terms of their distribution, unique flora and fauna and carbon (C) storage function. Additionally, they are considered as priority habitats under Annex 1 of the European Union Habitats Directive. Montane blanket bogs (found at altitudes greater than 150 m above sea level) are the most widespread peatland type in Ireland but have been subject to considerable anthropogenic disturbance through small scale peat harvesting (mechanical or hand cutting), which has resulted in a considerable reduction in the area of intact blanket bog in the country. Harvesting may result in severe alterations of the ecological functions performed by the intact bog. For example, disruption of the hydrological regime by drainage may impact on both the microbial and vegetation composition within the bog, which in turn may affect biogeochemical cycling and result in the possible loss of the C sink function. Restoration of the functions characteristic of the intact ecosystem may prove to be a considerable challenge and assessing its success or failure may prove highly subjective. Is it desirable to restore all functions? If this is not achievable, which functions are more critical and at what point do we consider that the restoration process has been successful? In this study, we assessed the effects of restoration (blocking of drainage ditches / natural regeneration) on a range of ecological functions on a montane blanket bog in Ireland. Biogeochemical cycling (carbon dioxide and methane), water table levels, vegetation composition and microbial communities were sampled over a 12-month period in both intact and restored parts of the bog. The results from the study will present an opportunity to assess how restoration has affected the ecological functioning of the bog.