Connections between scientific advance and societal outcomes, however, are complex and often surprising. The pervasive assumption is that more knowledge and innovation lead directly and automatically to desired outcomes. In reality, science and technology make their way into society through institutions, enterprises, and other social structures that are themselves changed by the course of scientific progress. Not all scientific information makes its way to the desired end-users, nor is it in a format decision-makers would find most useful. Knowledge about the potential users of information and engagement with stakeholders can help determine what types of research would be most broadly beneficial. Integrating societal context into the definition of research problems can amplify the benefits of research results. Empowering stakeholders to participate in knowledge creation can help bridge the gap between research and decision-making. This symposium will explore the history of ecologists' engagement with society and how ecology and restoration scientists can link their research more directly with outcomes desired by Society.