A variety of different groups participate in the public policy arena, including citizens, scientists, NGOs, government institutions (USFWS, FS, EPA, etc.), and policy makers. Each brings its own perspective, knowledge base, and approach to dealing with uncertainty. In this session, we contrast the diverse participants and discuss the effects of improved communication and understanding among groups on science policy outcomes. The goals of the session are twofold: first, to promote policy literacy among ecologists; and second, to encourage effective participation by highlighting the diversity of perspectives that different participants bring to the policy process. The talks will be geared towards individuals with no background or experience in the policy realm, and will highlight the range of perspectives and methods of engagement.