Iberian lynx is the most endangered felid in the world, and considered critically endangered by the World Conservation Unit. There are only two remnant populations, both located in south Spain, Doñana and Sierra Morena, with less than 50 and 160 individuals respectively. Using mitochondrial and microsatellites markers we explored the current genetic status of the species.  Using museum specimens as a DNA source we also investigated temporal patterns of genetic diversity.

Results/Conclusions

Results show an extremely low mitochondrial diversity, with only two haplotypes, and only one present in Doñana population. Reduced diversity levels are also observed for microsatellites, and a high differentiation between populations is put in evidence. All suggest a recent demographic bottleneck and the predominance of genetic drift in recent times, affecting both populations, but more intensely Doñana, where population viability could be compromised. These results are important for conservation plans and the genetic management of the species, both in the wild and in the captive-breeding program. Some recommendations have already been put in practice, such as male translocations from Sierra Morena to Doñana population in order to diminish inbreeding risks.