Print PageHistoric regime shifts from grass- to shrub-dominated states have been widespread in the Chihuahuan Desert and other arid and semiarid regions globally. These patterns of grass production and shifts to shrub dominance are spatially variable, and show a weak correlation with precipitation, suggesting that drivers and processes at different spatial and temporal scales are important determinants of the production and recruitment of grasses. Using long-term data from the Jornada Basin USDA-LTER site, we tested the hypothesis that spatially contagious processes of soil redistribution and shrub invasion can overwhelm the importance of fine-scale drivers (e.g., precipitation, soil depth, vegetation composition) to explain variation in grass production and loss.
Results/Conclusions
We found that both fine-scale drivers and contagious spatial processes explain variation in grass production in different parts of the landscape. Grass production on locations surrounded by stable soils is primarily a function of precipitation, soil characteristics, and vegetation composition. However, locations in close proximity to invasive shrubs and erosive soils have poor relationships with local drivers. In these locations, spatial processes of sand deposition and dune formation associated with invading shrubs limit the ability of grasses to exploit otherwise favorable conditions for establishment and growth. These results suggest that focusing on fine-scale processes, such as competiton, is of limited utility when spatial processes interact with broad-scale drivers to produce observed patterns. A more explicit focus on multiple interacting spatial and temporal scales is often necessary to more fully understand significant ecological regime shifts.
