This session will bring together diverse viewpoints and data sets that focus on the question: “What is the potential for reducing nutrient losses from agricultural ecosystems by 2020 and 2100?” Short-term resource needs and long-term earth stewardship require that farmers, environmental managers, and policy-makers take steps to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agroecosystems. Numerous best practices have been recommended for row crop agriculture, and precision agriculture has long been promoted as a way to achieve more efficient fertilizer use. Another school of thought argues that we must adopt ecological principles to reconnect and tighten biogeochemical cycles in agricultural ecosystems. Presentations will explore the data underlying these claims and assess the potential for different approaches to reduce nutrient export from both plant and animal-based agroecosystems, and from U.S.-based and international systems. The policy implications and time frame to implement changes at regional and national scales will be addressed. We will discuss the extent to which different approaches can be combined, and explore the apparent tension between best practice approaches and whole-system, revolutionary change can be reconciled by placing these approaches on a common time. The agriculture of the future could either improve or further degrade a range of ecosystem services. Evaluating the potential for U.S. agriculture to produce sufficient food while also supplying other ecosystem services requires bringing a wide range of ideas to the discussion. This session will include presentations on hydroponic systems that can limit nutrient loss, nutrient exports from U.S. livestock production – which may have eclipsed row crops as the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution – and on approaches that have been explored in more depth outside of the United States. Each presentation will consider the policy and/or management implications of the data presented.