How classic ecological principles apply to urban ecology: Linking across scales and disciplines

If the grand principles of ecology regarding biodiversity, communities,
and ecosystem processes are truly general, they should make sense
of some of the most human-modified environments on earth. And as
our cities presage the future of our nutrient-enriched, biotically
homogenized, and ecologically intensified planet, the grand principles
shoulder a greater burden for making sense of the future. We contend
that human modification in fact tightens the links among processes
at different biological, temporal and spatial scales, demanding and
inspiring similar links among ecological principles.