Portland is unique in many ways, most notably having many locally managed Parks and Natural areas that harbor high levels of biodiversity despite their proximity to downtown. Restoration to remove invasive species has been undertaken or underway at each of the sites we will visit, and will be lead by a local expert at each site who will demonstrate biodiversity responses. On this trip, we will visit three distinct sites: 1) Oaks Bottom Wildlife Refuge, restored habitat for over 185 bird species; 2) Forest park, one of the largest urban forested parks in the country, where forest regeneration problems has lead to a large-scale invasive removal effort; and 3) Smith & Bybee lakes