Michelle C. Mack, University of Florida, Leslie Boby, University of Florida, Jill F. Johnstone, University of Saskatchewan, Teresa N. Hollingsworth, USDA Forest Service, Edward A. G. Schuur, University of Florida, and F. Stuart Chapin, University of Alaska.
Nitrogen (N) accumulates slowly in boreal ecosystems and forest productivity is generally N-limited. Increased fire frequency causes increased opportunity for N loss via combustion and post-fire losses to the atmosphere and aquatic systems. Understanding controls over N loss during fire and cycling following fire is important for predicting the long-term consequences of an altered fire regime for forest productivity and carbon cycling. We examined the effects of fire severity on N loss (% of ecosystem N stocks lost) and post-fire N availability (resin available NH4+ and NO3-) in 30 Interior Alaska black spruce forest sites that burned in 2004. These sites spanned three major fire complexes and covered a range of fire severity and site moisture conditions. Burn severity and site moisture status were the best predictors of the % of ecosystem N lost during fire. While well-drained sites that burned severely lost up to 30% of their N stocks, N loss was undetectable in poorly drained sites because of large and heterogeneous N stocks in organic and mineral soil. Sites that lost the most N during fire had the highest levels of available N following fire, likely due to the effects of fire severity on C substrates for decomposition. Soil organic matter C:N ratio was substantially lower in more severely burned stands, and SOM C:N ratio was negatively related to N availability. Our results suggest that increased fire severity in boreal black spruce forests will likely to lead to increased N loss during fire and increased N availability early in secondary succession, which appears to play a role in tree establishment and successional trajectory. Future research will explore the relationships among N availability, tree establishment and primary productivity across these sites.