Christopher R. Buyarski and Richard B. Thomas. West Virginia University
In 2005, the Duke Forest Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment initiated nitrogen treatments (11.2 g m-2 yr-1 ammonium nitrate) to test the progressive nitrogen limitation hypothesis. During 2005 and 2006, we measured leaf photosynthetic capacity and foliar N of Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) sun leaves in order to detect potential nitrogen limitations and its consequences on photosynthetic regulation. Fertilization significantly increased foliar N concentration on a mass basis (Nmass) by 35% in the control CO2 plots and by 7% in the elevated CO2 plots (ambient +200 µl l-1). This effect of CO2 treatment was primarily caused by CO2-induced increases in leaf mass per area. Fertilization stimulated N concentration on an area basis (Narea) by about 9% regardless of CO2 treatment. This change in foliar N had no effect on light saturate photosynthetic rates. Elevated CO2 stimulated photosynthesis (Asat) by as much as 144% in the unfertilized plots and by as much as 71% in fertilized treatments. There were no effects of CO2 or N fertilization on carboxylation rate (Vcmax). Electron transport (Jmax) was significantly higher in elevated CO2 plots, but only in 2006. Thus, we found no evidence of down regulation of photosynthetic capacity of sweetgum sun leaves due to the long term CO2 treatment. We had expected a greater enhancement of photosynthesis by CO2 in the N fertilized treatment. Instead, we observed no interaction of CO2 and N on photosynthesis, indicating no discernable progressive nitrogen limitation on carbon uptake by the sun leaves of these overstory sweetgum trees.